Research Sources and References
Sleep disruption in eczema: Yosipovitch G, Goon A, Wee J, Chan YH, Goh CL. "The prevalence and clinical characteristics of pruritus among patients with extensive psoriasis." British Journal of Dermatology, 2003;149(5):1055-8. Also: Bender BG, et al. "Sleep disturbance in patients with atopic dermatitis." Archives of Dermatology, 2005;141(12):1516-9.
GLA deficiency and eczema: Manku MS, Horrobin DF, Morse NL, Wright S, Burton JL. "Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patients with atopic eczema." British Journal of Dermatology, 1984;110(6):643-8. King's College Hospital, London. One of the earliest papers identifying delta-6-desaturase dysfunction in atopic eczema patients.
Skin barrier dysfunction: Elias PM, Steinhoff M. "Outside-to-inside (and now back to outside) pathogenic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis." Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2008;128(5):1067-70. University of California San Francisco / University of Hamburg Medical Centre.
Eczema and chronic insomnia rates: Silverberg JI, Garg NK, Paller AS, Fishbein AB, Zee PC. "Sleep disturbances in adults with eczema: a US population based study." Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2015;135(1):56-62. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
Circadian variation in eczema symptoms: Fishbein AB, Vitaterna O, Haugh IM, et al. "Nocturnal eczema: review of sleep and circadian biology in atopic dermatitis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2015;136(6):1423-9. Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.
Anthocyanin collagen and elastin research: Shin Y, Jang H, et al. "Effects of blackcurrant anthocyanins on collagen and elastin synthesis in skin fibroblasts." PubMed Central PMC5946280. Published April 2018, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Korea University, Seoul.
Eczema types and classification: American Academy of Dermatology Association. "Eczema types: overview, symptoms, causes." Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2022. Also: Cleveland Clinic. "Eczema: types, causes, symptoms and treatment." Reviewed by Dermatology Department, 2023.
GLA supplementation and atopic dermatitis: Takwale A, Tan E, Agarwal S, et al. "Efficacy and tolerability of borage oil in adults and children with atopic eczema." BMJ, 2003;327(7428):1385. University of Nottingham, UK. 4-month randomised controlled trial, 151 participants.
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